general problems of the 2023 Tesla Model Y - part 1

My 2023 Tesla Model Y suddenly became inaccessible via key card and phone key with no prior warning. The tow operator successfully jump-started the vehicle with a 12v jump and it powered on — suggesting a 12v battery failure, not an hv system failure. Tesla diagnosed water ingress in the hv battery pack and hv harness, citing an isolation resistance fault and open flood port. Their conclusion escalated from "water ingress" to "vehicle submerged," with an $11,000 battery replacement recommended and warranty denied. I am disputing this. The vehicle has never been submerged or exposed to flooding. The only physical evidence provided was clean water droplets on a single hv connector — no waterline staining, no sediment, no debris, no pin corrosion. No ingress pathway (seal, gasket, or breach point) was identified. The flood port mechanism was not explained and may activate from pressure changes or seal failure — not exclusively submersion. The vehicle powering on after a 12v jump is inconsistent with catastrophic hv failure from submersion. I believe this may represent a manufacturing defect in the hv battery pack sealing system allowing moisture intrusion under normal conditions. Tesla has classified this as owner-caused damage without sufficient physical evidence. If similar cases exist across 2023 Model Y vehicles, a systemic defect may be present. Safety risk: sudden, complete vehicle shutdown with no warning — potential loss of propulsion while driving. Vehicle is currently at Tesla service, undisassembled, and available for inspection.

The front trunk (frunk) actuator failed due to an under voltage condition. During repair, Tesla technicians also found corrosion in the wiring harness connectors. The vehicle has been garaged its entire life and has never been exposed to harsh environmental conditions. Tesla's own service documentation specifies that underwood and underbody connectors should be protected with anti-corrosion grease during assembly. Premature corrosion on a grade vehicle at 78,000 miles suggests a manufacturing defect in either the harness materials or the factory assembly process. Repair cost $860. 20, partially offset by a $200 goodwill credit. A non-functional frunk also represents a potential safety concern as the hood latch mechanism is part of vehicle safety systems.

The vehicle display flashed red and then the vehicle turned off completely while in traffic with no ability to change gear, operate the electronic door releases, or turn the hazards on. Safety was put at risk because insufficient notice of failure was given so it was impossible to get out of traffic, the vehicle could not be put in neutral so could not be pushed out of traffic, further the hazard lights could not be turned on so I had to stand in traffic waiving people around the vehicle. Because the electronic door releases didn't work, the doors could not be opened from the outside, had a front window not been open, it would have been easy to trap our child in the car. The dealer confirmed that the failure took place from vehicle logs but was unable to reproduce the problem. The dealer/manufacturer inspected the vehicle. Prior to this happening the vehicle showed warnings that power was reduced and vehicle may not restart about 20 minutes prior to the event, but the warnings disappeared after a minute. Even though Tesla confirmed the failure, they refused to diagnose the problem or fix it so the vehicle remains dangerous.

The contact owned a 2023 Tesla Model Y. The contact stated that a software update (2025. 44. 25. 5) was performed on the vehicle, which was for a temporary free self-driving mode. The contact stated that while driving at approximately 75 mph, the vehicle independently accelerated sideways and crashed into the highway's concrete retaining wall. The air bags deployed upon impact. The contact was taken to the hospital by ambulance, where he was treated bruised left knee, cracked ribs, and several other bruises to various parts of his body. No property damage was reported. A police report was filed. The vehicle was towed from the scene to an independent mechanic, where it was deemed a total loss. Neither the manufacturer nor the service center had been notified of the failure. The failure mileage was approximately 22,500.

On November 16, 2025, my Tesla Model Y experienced a complete and dangerous failure while driving. The touchscreen went totally blank and stopped responding. All essential driving information and safety functions were lost, including speedometer, gear selection, turn signals, hvac/defrost, and vehicle controls. At the same time, the car made a continuous loud humming/buzzing sound and displayed a low coolant warning. This made the vehicle unsafe to operate because I could not see my speed, cannot shift properly, and could not access any safety controls. This is the second time my vehicle has experienced a critical malfunction. The first major incident occurred on July 28, 2025. A complaint has been filed with the NHTSA under tracking number 11676662. Both failures involved sudden loss of essential functions, raising serious concerns about electrical, cooling system, or display system defects. I am reporting this because it is a serious safety risk and could lead to vehicle loss of control, inability to signal, or inability to see speed or gear position. The problem has been reported to Tesla and is pending evaluation at a Tesla service center. Warning messages and symptoms appeared at the moment of failure with no prior signs.

First cold day of the year and the heater stopped working. With the heater not available the windshield couldn’t be cleared it would always fog and cover the windshield blocking the view infront of the vehicle. Next couple days it was even cooler and the windshield was frozen with no way of heating and clearing the view. Yes the issue was reproduced by the service center upon taking the vehicle there once the vehicle was a little warm. Tesla service center mentioned there was an internal fault in the compressor which they can’t be clear so have to replace a compressor, exv valve, pressure temperature sensors and coolant. Vehicle was parked when I tried to turn the heat on in the morning it would just blow cool air. No warning before the failure. Once the compressor faulted it would give a warning “vcfront_a447” cabin climate control system requires service. And just blow cold air everytime the vehicle is started. If turning on heat from the phone app or inside the cabin it would blows cold air for about 10 mins then it will show the warning lamp.

Driving our 2023 Tesla Model Y east on I-20 on October 1, 2025 near pecos TX. Car suddenly lost power and started hard braking. We were rear ended by a large pick-up truck that was following as we were both traveling approximately 80 miles per hour when this occurred. The car was towed back to dallas from big springs, TX (approximately 280 miles). The car's rear-end damage was such that my Tesla was deemed totaled by the insurance company. This power failure and hard braking had happened to me repeatedly over the last few years. When I spoke to Tesla at the dallas service center about this issue, they acted as though they had never heard of this happening to anyone. We were both shaken by this accident but other than some soreness the next day we are physically ok. Tesla repair estimate was approximately $22,000. I was forced to buy another car. I had not planned on doing this as my car was fairly new with low mileage.

Both b-pillar camera housings on my 2023 Tesla Model Y performance become extremely hot even when the vehicle is parked in a closed garage and not in use. On the morning of the incident, the garage temperature was approximately 78°f. The car had been parked overnight for over 12 hours, plugged in, and charging to 80%. While the vehicle was preconditioning, no defrost features were active. Despite this, both pillar surfaces measured 156°f with an infrared thermometer—hot enough to cause skin burns within seconds according to standard burn-threshold data for human skin (~155°f). Both sides heating to this temperature simultaneously suggests an electrical or control malfunction keeping the pillar camera assemblies energized. These components sit near the seatbelt anchor and side-curtain airbag area, raising concern of fire, electrical, or occupant-safety risk if the condition persists. Continuous heating while parked could also degrade wiring insulation or camera electronics used by the vehicle’s driver-assistance systems. The vehicle and affected components are available for inspection upon request. The issue has not yet been inspected or confirmed by Tesla, but a service appointment request was submitted immediately after the event. Tesla repeatedly rescheduled the appointment, delaying it by more than six weeks despite the described safety concern. No diagnostic alerts, warning messages, or notifications appeared in the vehicle or Tesla app. This abnormal heating has occurred more than once under similar conditions and does not appear to be caused by ambient temperature or sunlight exposure.

VIN [xxx] battery problem car is less than 3 years old. Suddenly stopped in the middle of the road. Only had about 5 seconds or so to react and the car stuttered and shut down. Could not move it or drive it all. Dashboard was still working but it would not move and flashing red in the console. Very scary and frustrating experience. Fortunately, I was on a city and not on a highway. The car had an error: "pull to the side" which was very short of an alert response. I tow the car to Tesla center and was told that more than likely main battery issue with the inverter or similar. The service center does confirm the inverter has been reset but they cannot find anything wrong with it. I do not think it is safe to drive as incident could happen again with the battery/inverter. This has happened to many other cars Tesla had. Thanks, [xxx] [xxx] [xxx] information redacted pursuant to the freedom of information act (foia), 5 u. S. C. 552(b)(6).

The forward-facing camera system, automatic emergency braking (aeb), and autopilot/cruise control have repeatedly failed on a 2023 Tesla Model Y with approximately 22,000 miles. The aeb system becomes unavailable and the autopilot disengages without warning, including at highway speeds of 70 mph and city speeds of 30 mph. The active safety systems are functional less than 10% of the time. The sudden, unexpected loss of active safety systems at speed presents a serious risk of accident and injury. The problem has been reproduced and confirmed by an authorized Tesla service center on three separate occasions. Repairs attempted include replacement of the triple forward-facing camera assembly (twice) and replacement of the car computer (hw3) with a firmware update. Despite these repairs, the defect recurred within days of each service visit. A fourth service appointment is now scheduled for the same issue. Warning alerts appeared on the vehicle display prior to each failure, specifically "camera blocked" and "automatic emergency braking unavailable. " these alerts were first detected in August 2025 and have recurred through January 2026. All three repair attempts were covered under the manufacturer's basic vehicle limited warranty, confirming acknowledgment of a manufacturing defect. The vehicle and components have been inspected by the manufacturer's authorized service technicians. The vehicle is available for inspection upon request.

The vehicle went into turtle mode and there was a warning sign that power was reduced. The car eventually stopped moving on the highway seconds later. The warning time was minimal and I was on a two lane highway when the car stopped in one of the lanes during rush hour. This is the third time I have had this warning since February 2025 and I started leasing the vehicle December 2024. The first time, the service replaced the accelerator pedal. The second time, the rear motor. This third time, they are saying it's the accelerator pedal again. Each time there is no warning or signs that there is an issue and it is unacceptable for a vehicle that is only one year old.

Driving on I 880 south on the fast lane. The car suddenly braked for no reason and began to shutdown. It warned me to pull over before complete shutdown. Luckily there was space on my left and I was able to rolling stop. Nothing on the screen was working. Turned on hazard light. Got out of car with my phone. Accessed Tesla app and ran battery check. After couple mins the error went away. Tried to slowly move with hazard light on. It appeared to have fixed itself. Slowly merged back into freeway when it was safe. Attached notification when I tried to schedule service request.

The Tesla computer freezes. Sudden there is no information from the car, no miles per hour, no navigation, no side view cameras. I can drive the car but that's is all. Since the navigation is entirely dependent on the computer I can't tell where I am going. It has happened more than 30+ times in the car.

The car computer (hw3) in my 2023 Tesla Model Y failed without warning while I was traveling from maryland to new jersey. When I attempted to drive the car, the main screen was completely black and unresponsive, meaning I could not see or control any essential functions—no speed display, gear indicator, or system feedback. The vehicle was not drivable. Acceleration was extremely delayed (took more than 10 seconds to start moving from stop) when attempting to move, and the car felt like it could stop at any moment without warning. I had no way to safely monitor or control the vehicle’s basic operation. This created a serious safety risk—not only was I unable to access the gear or speed, but the vehicle was in a condition where it could shut down suddenly at any time due to the computer failure. This left me stranded while away from home and could have resulted in dangerous situations if I had been on the road when it failed. Tesla service inspected the vehicle and confirmed the issue was an internal fault in the car computer (hw3), diagnosed by their senior technician. They provided a repair estimate of approximately $3,000. No police, insurance, or other third parties have inspected the vehicle. There were no warning messages, alerts, or symptoms before the failure occurred. It happened suddenly and completely at around 59,000 miles—just 9,000 miles past the basic warranty limit. The failed computer is being fixed by Tesla service center in paramus, NJ location.

The car don't run well.

We experienced an extremely dangerous and life threatening situation with Tesla y model on Saturday, may 31st around 3:48pm and would like to report to NHTSA. We were driving on rt 3 going towards nashua and my Tesla-y car when the steering wheel froze and I got message that front camera was not working. When I tried to steer the car in the lane, the car suddenly braked and took two 360 degree spins (turns) on the highway with cars streaming at high speed around us. We went from the left lane to the right most lane after two 360 degree spins and ended in the right lane. Luckily, no other autos hit us and I was able to take control of the car and pull over in the right lane. The incident is recorded int the Tesla's harddrive which we can make this available to you. The car started working normally so we drove back home. We have had minor control incidents with the lane assit and auto pilot systems of this car in 2023 and 2024. We have complained and showed the problem to Tesla dealer in watertown, MA. However they said there is nothing wrong with the car. We request you to investigate this incident with Tesla and find out the cause for the car to take this dangerous breaking and spinning incident on a highway. Thanks, rashida and luvai motiwalla (978)996-9535.

On memorial day weekend, my car was parked outside, and apparently back passenger window was left open, which caused the backseat area of the car to be soaked in water. We noticed that in the morning, and parked the car inside the garage, and kept the door and windows open so it could dry quickly. However, a few hours later, around 4:30 pm, the car caught fire while parked in the garage. We called 911 right away and quickly using two fire extinguishers, quickly put out the fire. The frisco fire department opened up the investigation, and I believe they concluded the cause of the fire was an electrical short circuit due to water or battery-related issues. The fire incident occurred inside the garage, which could have potentially burned the entire house. However, due to the brave actions of my 14-year-old, we put the fire out, but he ended up in the hospital due to severe smoke inhalation.

Vehicle had a open window during rain storm. Interior got wet. Next day the vehicle was left to dry out. Vehicle caught on fire and engulfed in flames in the backseat. Nobody was harmed fire was contained by the frisco fire department. Vehicle was then towed away.

The contact owns a 2023 testa Model Y. The contact stated while reversing out of the garage, the message "camera temporarily not available" was displayed intermittently. The contact stated that the failure progressively worsened, and the rearview camera had become inoperable. Additionally, the contact stated that a software update notification was displayed; however, upon initiating the update, the center display screen froze in the middle of the update. Additionally, the contact stated that the front and rearview cameras, the navigation system, the cruise control mode, and distant cruise control mode, the blind spot detection system, the self-driving assist system, and other safety systems were inoperable. The contact stated that the vehicle appeared stationary on the center display even while driving. The vehicle was taken to a Tesla service center, where it was diagnosed and determined that the computer system needed to be replaced. The vehicle was not repaired. The manufacturer was notified of the failure. The failure mileage was approximately 64,000.

This is my 5th complaint and involves, again, the key card. This is the used key card the el paso Tesla dealer was kind enough to give me, and help me program, when one of the original key cards, less than a year old, stopped working. (Tesla wanted me to pay $45 for 2 new key cards) the used key card stopped functioning so I planned to call Tesla and have them "reprogram it". . . Something that must be done while I am in the car. I went on a last-minute trip and took my spare, barely-used key card. I also had my phone but didn't realize I'd not re-downloaded the Tesla app when I recently troubleshot my phone. Later in the day I parked at city of rocks state park in nm, still without connectivity, and locked the car with the "good" key card. Then I misplaced the key card! I called one of my 2 backup drivers and asked her to unlock and start my car for me. Her app did not allow her to do so, even though it showed the location of my car at city of rocks. . . It said "move closer to the car". (she lives in CA). I had to get a ride to wifi, download the Tesla app, and when I tried using it to unlock the car, it said "you must be closer to the car". When I got to the car, I was able to unlock and start it using the phone key. After arriving home, I used my app to get roadside assistance and asked for a phone call when they texted to confirm my location. I explained that I didn't need service, just needed help re-programing my defective card. (I had since found the good card!) the woman on the other end was helpful but it was difficult for her also. We ended up removing the defective key from my profile, though it required a lot of work and also required the "good" key card. I have to call Tesla on Monday (it was Sunday) to get the card re-programmed. Had my difficulty been in a high-traffic or unsafe area I would have been in trouble. The "backup" drivers on my app are there for emergency access to my car, supposedly from any location.

Tesla remotely disabled my vehicle twice (February 28, 2025, and March 6, 2025) without prior notice, legal justification, or a court order. February 28, 2025 – Tesla disabled my vehicle for 3 days my Tesla Model Y was remotely locked without warning, leaving me stranded and unable to use my vehicle. Tesla refused to provide a reason or reinstate access for three days. March 6, 2025 – Tesla disabled my vehicle again & attempted repossession Tesla again remotely disabled my vehicle, then sent a tow truck for repossession without legal notice. I called the police, who confirmed Tesla had no legal repossession order. Tesla refused to restore access, forcing me into a coerced “voluntary surrender. ” how this posed a safety risk I was stranded in public locations without notice or transportation alternatives. Had the vehicle been in motion, this could have caused a road hazard. Tesla’s lack of due process denied me the chance to dispute the action before losing my vehicle. Confirmed by law enforcement & Tesla’s own records police intervened on March 6, 2025, and confirmed Tesla had no valid repossession order. Tesla has refused to provide written documentation or a legal explanation for these actions. Regulatory concerns Tesla’s unilateral ability to disable vehicles raises serious consumer safety issues: what prevents Tesla from disabling vehicles arbitrarily? what legal safeguards exist to protect owners from unjustified manufacturer lockouts? should federal law restrict Tesla from disabling vehicles without court approval? request for investigation Tesla’s remote disabling practice endangers consumers and should be urgently investigated by NHTSA to determine if federal safeguards are needed.

I am submitting a complaint regarding a serious safety issue with my 2023 Tesla Model Y. The vehicle experienced a sudden and complete power loss while in operation, creating a hazardous situation. Below are the details of the incident: •component/system failure: the vehicle’s electrical system failed, leading to a shutdown. The following alerts were displayed on the screen: •vcfront_a191: electrical system power reduced – vehicle shutting down •vcfront_a192: electrical system unable to support all features – switching off features to conserve energy •bms_a151: vehicle may not restart – service is required •di_a227: please wait while high voltage system powers up •safety risk: the unexpected shutdown posed a serious safety risk. If this had occurred in high-speed traffic, it could have led to a crash, endangering my safety and that of others on the road. •reproduction of issue: the issue has not been reproduced yet, but it is an ongoing concern. I have not received a resolution from Tesla at this time. •inspection by authorities: the vehicle has not yet been inspected by Tesla, law enforcement, or insurance representatives. However, I am willing to make it available for investigation. •warning signs: there were no prior warning signs before the failure. The alerts appeared shortly before the vehicle lost power completely. This issue raises concerns about the reliability and safety of Tesla’s electrical system. I urge the NHTSA to investigate this matter to prevent potential accidents caused by similar failures in other vehicles.

How did Tesla pass the safety standards for the position of rear door handles to manually open the vehicle? the vehicle gets into an accident or the car plunges into water - and this almost always results in a non-responsive/deal battery. *** the rear passengers are hurt and you want them to find that little piece of rubber mat hidden in a cranny, lift it, and then use their nail to open the plastic cover to reach that piece of junk to manually open the door? ** no way !! manual door handle in the rear doors should be placed where it's easily accessible, just like you have on the front doors. This is truly a life threatening safety issue with how Tesla has hide the rear passenger manual door handles. Please force Tesla to issue a recall and fix the issue by providing an easy access to manually open the rear door in emergencies. The car gets on fire and rear passengers may burn alive because they won't be able to open the door due to the current system of a super hidden rear door handle. Thanks, [xxx] information redacted pursuant to the freedom of information act (foia), 5 u. S. C. 552(b)(6).

The main display went completely dark and required rebooting of the car when attempting to move the car from the parked state to drive state. This was the second occurence of this issue.

While driving, the system prompt electrical system failure. Pull to the road side. Within 20 or so seconds, the car lost power. About 10 minutes or so later, the whole car (emergency light, door, trunk etc lost power too. Consider the car lost driving power in seconds, then lost emergency light can be highly dangerous to all parties. Before the failure, the car shows "front motor is disabled, power is reduced, ok to drive" this ok to drive turns out not ok to drive, misleading. Now the car is fixed (yet to pickup), reason front drive unit and pyro fuse were replaced (new car, but with refurnished part).

Auto parking feature malfunction and backed right rear quarter panel and bumper into a yellow pole in a parking spot.

Driving incident with auto high beam: I was driving on the freeway early in the morning with the auto high beam feature activated. However, due to heavy fog, I wanted to turn it off. I asked my passenger to help me find the option on the screen. Unfortunately, she clicked the wrong button, which completely turned off all the lights while we were driving. This caused a moment of panic, and I had to slam the brakes, realizing I had veered off the road. Thankfully, there was no one behind us. While it was an oversight on my passenger’s part, I can’t help but wonder: shouldn’t there be a warning or a disabled button while driving, especially in the dark? I’m not sure if this qualifies as a safety issue, but it certainly felt life-threatening at the moment. Had there been another vehicle behind us or if we had hit a divider, the situation could have been much worse. Suggestion for improvement: to enhance safety, I suggest implementing a feature that disables the off button in light controls while the vehicle is in motion, especially in low-visibility conditions. Additionally, a clear warning message could pop up if a driver attempts to adjust the lighting settings while driving, ensuring that safety remains the top priority.

The contact owns a 2023 Tesla Model Y. The contact stated that while at a stop light the vehicle erroneously turned off and the vehicle had to be restarted. The failure had occurred on multiple occasions. The cause of the failure was not determined. The manufacturer and local dealer were not contacted. The failure mileage was 8,257.

The contact owns a 2023 Tesla Model Y. The contact received notifications of NHTSA campaign numbers: 24v051000 (electrical system) and 24v554000 (latches/locks/linkages, electrical system); however, the contact was not able to perform the over the air software updates. The contact called and informed the manufacturer that the current operating system software was out of date. The contact stated that the operating system software version was 2023. 44. 30. 8 and the newest version was 2024. 20. 3. The manufacturer informed the contact that the operating system was adequate. The contact stated that the manufacturer had exceeded a reasonable amount of time for the recall repair. The contact had not experienced a failure. Parts distribution disconnect.

Got a new battery for the car due to an accident I had back in Feb 2024. The battery lasted me up to August 2024 before I received an error saying that my car won’t charge any more and it’s at maximum charge. I took my car in and the Tesla service center explained there is no physical damage, and that it’s a mechanical issue.

I was fully stopped at red light of intersection of [xxx] . Suddenly my vehicle accelerate it self and start auto drive at high speed and malfunction, hitting multiple parked vehicles. My vehicle was on auto holding brake feature. I was not able to control my vehicle, even when I tried pressing the brake. No warnings or alarms from my vehicle when crashes into multiple parked cars. On [xxx] incident happened. Information redacted pursuant to the freedom of information act (foia), 5 u. S. C. 552(b)(6).

I was driving down i90 with no one in front of me and a clear road. Unexpectedly, the right side passenger airbags exploded and struck me in the face and shoulder. The car immediately braked and I saw a semi truck pass me on the right with pieces of what appeared to be tire debris flying in the air. I pulled over and my car become inoperable. I inspected the outside of the vehicle and there was no damage or collision at all yet the passenger side airbags went off.

The contact owns a 2023 Tesla Model Y. The contact stated while driving 35 mph, the vehicle misread the route 10 road sign for the speed limit sign and the vehicle decelerated to 10 mph. There were no warning lights illuminated. The vehicle was not diagnosed or repaired by an independent mechanic or dealer. The manufacturer was not made aware of the failure. The failure mileage was approximately 9,000.

The contact owned a 2023 Tesla Model Y. The contact stated while driving 30 mph in autopilot mode when the vehicle crashed into a tree. After the crash, the vehicle battery caught on fire and there was an explosion. The contact sustained bruises on the left hand that required medical attention. A police report was filed. The vehicle was towed but no further information was available. The vehicle was not diagnosed or repaired. The manufacturer was not notified of the failure. The VIN was included in NHTSA campaign number: 23v651000 (service brakes, hydraulic). The failure mileage was unknown.

In may 2023, after I took my car from the Tesla service center in santa ana, I realized there was an issue of shaking and shredding from the motor, and it got worse when I pressed the brakes. That happened when I drove the car down a steep road from [xxx] down to [xxx] in the city of laguna beach; then I drove the car to a different road from [xxx] , then down from [xxx] to [xxx] and [xxx] , where it is down steep as well. Then the same issue showed up, and I couldn't keep pressing break because the shaking got worse, so I let the car roll with shaking till it reached the straight road and stopped. Since then, I have started to avoid steeping, but once, it showed up on another downhill street, which was not as steep as the others. Still, it was a longer downhill, coming from [xxx] down to [xxx] till it splits to [xxx] and [xxx] . At that time, I did not have time to take it to the service because I was very disappointed with them after taking it for several issues several times. They never fixed them, and because I had my mother, who was in critical health issues, I needed to be with her all the time and take her to her appointments for her surgeries and wound care for several months until this year in March. Then I realized that the issue keeps changing from existing to disappearing to existing again. Still, instead of starting at a speed of 1 mile, it begins at 9 miles and disappears at a speed of 11 - 12 miles. It does not have a high level of shaking, but it still exists. I am unsure if that changes with the different updates they do through the air for the car. But the issue still exists, and the shaking levels change. Lately, they have taken it seriously after several attempts to report it and bring it to the service center. After nine days, they concluded that they had tried a similar car. This issue does exist, and it is normal when I have tried multiple cars, including their several demo cars at different times. Information redacted pursuant to the freedom of information act (foia), 5 u. S. C. 5.