Equipment Problems of Jeep Grand Cherokee - part 1

This is a major safety risk. While driving in the left lane of the highway the car abruptly turned off and gave a "service hybrid required" type of message. My husband was almost hit by a truck. We have been trying for months to get the recall corrected, but the worcester, MA dealership keeps telling us they don't have any loaners to give us so they can perform the recall.

See all problems of the 2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee 🔎.

I am writing to formally report a serious safety issue with my brand-new Jeep Grand Cherokee (got it from darcars rockville, MD dealership) and to request immediate resolution under warranty and applicable consumer protection laws. I purchased this vehicle with the expectation of reliability, safety, and comfort for my family. Unfortunately, within a very short period of ownership, the vehicle has experienced repeated and dangerous failures. On 17th April 2026, while traveling at approximately 65 mph on a highway in pennsylvania around 1:00 am, the vehicle suddenly shut down without warning. This created an extremely hazardous situation for my family. We contacted roadside assistance, but no help arrived until approximately 8:00 am. Due to freezing temperatures and lack of heat in the vehicle, we were forced to call 911 for assistance and were transported to a nearby hotel around 3:30 am. The vehicle was subsequently towed to a dealership, where diagnostics were performed. We were informed that the issue was related to a coding or malfunction and that it had been resolved. However, just two days later, while returning home, the exact same issue occurred again under similar conditions—vehicle shutdown at highway speed. Once again, we were stranded at night, forced to rely on emergency services, and did not reach home until approximately 4:30 am. This pattern of failure is unacceptable and represents a severe safety defect. My family’s safety was put at significant risk on two separate occasions. As a result, we have completely lost confidence in the vehicle’s reliability and safety. Immediate escalation of this case and a full technical investigation a written explanation of the root cause of these failures a permanent resolution to ensure this issue cannot recur consideration of a manufacturer buyback or replacement under applicable lemon law provisions.

See all problems of the 2025 Jeep Grand Cherokee 🔎.

The uconnect system or radio that has all the digital controls on it. Seems to do what it wants to whenever it wants to. It appears the delaminating underneath the the screen cover. Hey, it actually dialed 911, while my girlfriend borrowed my vehicle. A few weeks ago.

See all problems of the 2018 Jeep Grand Cherokee 🔎.

Check engine light came on & auto shop says when they checked under dash, computer says “emissions” problem. They have to do a “smoke test” to see where there is a leak!!!.

See all problems of the 2012 Jeep Grand Cherokee 🔎.

While driving the breaks faultered and I had to slam on the break. I had to press all the way down on the break pedal to slow down or stop. Also when stopped at a light the car turns off and puts itself in park. I had to turn the car off and back on again to fix it. My safety and the safety of others was at risk due to chance of a significant car crash due to faulty break system. I had a near miss accident due to this reason. I will be calling the car dealership to tow the car to have it inspected. The abs light came on as well as check engine light. Service power steering light also came on.

See all problems of the 2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee 🔎.

I am filing a safety complaint regarding serious and recurring issues with my 2024 Jeep Grand Cherokee that create unsafe driving conditions. Shortly after purchasing the vehicle, I began experiencing intermittent electrical malfunctions while driving. Without warning, multiple dashboard warning lights and signals activate simultaneously. During these events, I lose confidence in the vehicle’s reliability and safety, as it is unclear whether critical systems are affected. On at least one occasion, the issue forced me to pull over to the side of the road due to safety concerns. The vehicle would not return to normal operation immediately, and I had to repeatedly turn the vehicle off and on for approximately 20 minutes before it reset. In addition, the check engine light has been on for a significant portion of the time since I purchased the vehicle. I have taken the vehicle to the dealership multiple times, but the issue has not been permanently resolved. I am also concerned about multiple safety recalls affecting this vehicle. Some of these recalls currently have no available remedy, which increases the risk and leaves me driving a vehicle that may have known safety defects without a fix. These ongoing issues pose a serious safety risk to me and others on the road. I am requesting that this matter be investigated, and that appropriate action be taken to address these defects. Is it possible to switch to another safe Jeep model?.

See all problems of the 2024 Jeep Grand Cherokee 🔎.

The factory-installed trailer tow module in my 2024 Jeep Grand Cherokee keeps shutting down the lights in my horse trailer while on the road. The trailer lights been thoroughly inspected and no problem with the lights or wiring could be found. The Jeep dealer said the Jeep is "functioning as designed. " apparently, it is designed to shut down all the trailer lights at the most minor change in the current. It is a huge safety issue for me, my horse and anyone that may be behind us. I will be driving along and a "check trailer lights" message comes on - when that happens, I know I have no trailer lights because the Jeep has shut them down. The lights will not go back on until the car reboots, which means it has to be turned off for 15 minutes or so.

Subject: vehicle fire following abs recall repair – safety complaint I am filing a safety complaint regarding a vehicle fire that occurred shortly after a recall repair was performed. Vehicle: Jeep (grand cherokee/2019) mileage at time of incident: approximate: 58,350 approximately four weeks ago, my vehicle underwent a recall repair related to the abs system at westgate Jeep located in raleigh, nc 27617. Following that repair, I experienced brake issues due to air in the brake lines, which required a return visit to the same service provider for correction. On April 5, 2026, the vehicle caught fire while parked in my driveway. The fire originated in the front driver-side engine compartment area, where the abs and brake components are located. The fire caused extensive damage to the engine bay, wiring, and surrounding components, rendering the vehicle inoperable. Given the timing and location of the fire, I am concerned that the recall repair or subsequent brake system work was performed improperly leading to either a brake fluid leak or an electrical malfunction or defective parts that caused the fire. This incident presents a serious safety risk, as it could have resulted in injury or loss of life. I am requesting a full investigation into: - the quality and safety of the recall repair performed - whether improper installation, damaged components, or fluid leaks contributed to the fire - whether other vehicles repaired under this recall may be at similar risk the vehicle has not been altered or repaired since the fire and is available for inspection. Supporting documentation (repair invoices, photos, etc. ) can be provided upon request. I respectfully request that this matter be reviewed urgently to prevent potential harm to other drivers.

See all problems of the 2019 Jeep Grand Cherokee 🔎.

Had a recall done in February and 3 weeks later the car would not start randomly no warning lights illuminated on the dash prior to being shut off and once it would start it threw 3 codes for p0850, u0100, and u1267 all related to the parts replaced in February for the recall for the 2nd time now regarding the same parts. And trying to get a reinspection done for the recall bc the parts seem to have failed and its been a living nightmare. And unsure why no warning lights were illuminated prior to the car not starting randomly.

Unknown what actually occurs but the entire car shuts off while driving. It has happened to me twice in traffic. Once no warnings, the second time the tire pressure sensor fault flashed went away and then the entire car just shut down while I was driving. I had my child with me and was a scary moment could’ve cause a serious accident or potential death. Car was stuck in the road for over 30min before I could get it to restart and move to a safer location.

I was driving my car and the car shut off at 30 mph. It completely stopped and the steering wheel locked up. Started flashing start/stop and told me to put it in park. Glad no one got hurt and hope it doesn’t do it again.

See all problems of the 2021 Jeep Grand Cherokee 🔎.

My vehicle has an open safety recall (NHTSA recall 25v-766 / fca campaign 78c) stating the engine may be contaminated with sand from the casting process, which can cause catastrophic engine failure, fire, or sudden loss of propulsion. The recall has been active since November 2025 and the manufacturer states parts are unavailable, so the defect cannot currently be repaired.

While driving home from work on March 13, 2026, the alternator in my 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee (3. 0l ecodiesel) failed, resulting in a progressive loss of electrical power. As battery voltage dropped, the vehicle entered “limp mode. ” when I was aproximatly 1 mile from my home when I was forced to stop at a railroad crossing while a freight train was passing. At that time, due to low voltage, the electronic shifter and ignition system became completely unresponsive. I was unable to shift the vehicle into park or neutral and was also unable to shut off the engine. The vehicle remained in drive, requiring constant brake pressure to prevent forward movement. This created an immediate and dangerous situation, as I was stopped very close to a moving train with no functional means of securing or disabling the vehicle. Any loss of braking force or control could have caused the vehicle to enter the path of the train, creating a high likelihood of serious injury or death. After reaching my residence, the condition persisted. I remained unable to shift or shut down the vehicle and was forced to manually disconnect the negative battery cable, which is located under the passenger seat, in order to stop the engine. I am very lucky that I had a small metric socket set in the vehice, that I am somewhat mechanically enclined, and that I have long arms & legs, as this process was extremely difficult. I had to disconect te battery cable while maintaining my foot on the brake to avoid crashing into my garage. The vehicle appears to be designed such that engine shutdown is not permitted unless the vehicle is in park, while the electronic shifter becomes inoperative during low-voltage conditions. This combination creates a hazardous failure mode in which the driver cannot place the vehicle in park or turn off the engine during an electrical failure. This incident appears consistent with hazards identified in NHTSA campaign number 16v240000 (recall s27). Despite records indicating that rec.

See all problems of the 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee 🔎.

Dear sir or madam, I am writing to report serious safety concerns regarding my 2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee, VIN [xxx] , which still has 11 months remaining on the lease. During the two years of this lease, the vehicle has had several recalls and repeated mechanical problems every 2–3 months, including a recent transmission replacement. The vehicle is currently affected by recall 68c. I have maintained the vehicle responsibly and completed oil changes on time. Recently, while driving on the freeway, the dashboard began flashing red warnings and the vehicle lost power, forcing me to slow down in traffic. With help from highway service patrol, I managed to move the car off the freeway. The vehicle would not restart properly and required several attempts before it began working again. I scheduled an appointment with the dealership for the recall repair and oil change. However, after one of the case managers informed me that my vehicle appeared eligible for the buy back program, my recall repair appointment was canceled. Later, my case was reviewed by mrs. Khushbu (customer retention specialist), who informed me that the vehicle was not eligible for buyback and closed my case (#[xxx]) without clearly explaining the reason. As a single working mother, I depend on reliable transportation. I now experience anxiety every time I drive this vehicle due to safety concerns. Two days ago, the same issue occurred again on the freeway — the dashboard flashed red, the gas pedal became unresponsive, and the vehicle stopped, taking 20–30 minutes to restart. Because of these repeated failures and safety risks, I no longer feel safe driving this vehicle. I respectfully request that stellantis/Jeep review this matter and provide a fair resolution. I am not interested in replacing this vehicle with another Jeep, as I have lost confidence in this model. Given the circumstances, this situation may fall thank you for your attention. I look forward to your response. Sincerely information redacted pursuant to the freedom of information act.

I brought my vehicle to the dealership (axis Chrysler Dodge Jeep ram in jersey city, NJ) for open safety recalls. The vehicle has been at the dealership for approximately 3 weeks. I was repeatedly told parts were coming (alternator and brake booster), but the repairs were never completed. I was later told I could pick up the vehicle, but no documentation was provided and I have reason to believe the recall repairs were not performed. This has caused delays, inconvenience, and safety concerns.

See all problems of the 2013 Jeep Grand Cherokee 🔎.

Vehicle: 2020 Jeep Grand Cherokee 4wd purchase date: [xxx] mileage at purchase: ~54,900 miles dealer: cherry hill Jeep Chrysler Dodge, cherry hill, NJ I am filing this complaint because I am currently being required to drive a vehicle with a severe wheel misalignment that is visually observable, while the selling dealership has deemed it 'drivable' and has not completed the necessary repairs. On [xxx], I was involved in an accident in which I struck a curb after sliding on black ice. The damage included a bent lower control arm and a cracked subframe. I brought the vehicle to cherry hill Jeep Chrysler Dodge for repairs, which took approximately three weeks. I took delivery of the repaired vehicle on March 13, 2026. Upon taking delivery, I immediately noticed a severe misalignment. The wheel misalignment is so pronounced it is visually apparent while driving. I returned the vehicle to the dealership and they acknowledged the alignment issue. They have since told me there are additional parts needed to complete the repair, and that those parts have not yet arrived. As of today, April 10, 2026, the dealership has confirmed they still do not know when the parts will arrive. Despite the unresolved alignment issue, the dealership has deemed the vehicle 'drivable' and I have been left with no choice but to continue driving it. My daily commute is approximately 60 miles per day, 6 days per week. I have driven hundreds of miles in this condition. Driving a vehicle with severe wheel misalignment poses serious safety risks, including unpredictable handling, accelerated and uneven tire wear leading to potential tire failure, and reduced ability to maintain control in emergency situations — particularly concerning given that this vehicle's incident originated on icy roads. I am requesting that the NHTSA investigate the dealership's decision to return this vehicle to me in an unsafe condition and require me to continue operating it without a timeline information redacted pursuant to the freedom of information act (foia).

See all problems of the 2020 Jeep Grand Cherokee 🔎.

I was driving my 2020 Grand Cherokee limited 4x4 and it started to snow heavily so I was driving down this slight hill with a turn. I was not doing no more 15 miles per hour. My warning lights for service 4x4 and my traction control light where on. I then proceeded to slide and I could not stop and I slid into a utility pole then a tree. The air bags did not deploy. . I tried to back my vehicle up I had no traction or 4-wheel drive. A gentleman came out to help me and he had some older Jeeps tried to move my vehicle and he stated I can't believe your 4x4 is not working. I believe due to failure of the 4x4 and traction control led to my accident. From what I read this is a known issue with Jeeps there should be a recall. At this time I have not had the vehicle looked at because it has been in the autobody shop since the accident!.

Dealer reported the incorrect mileage on my vehicle when I took it in for service. Now today when I came in 02/16/2026, they told me about this issue and it affected my warranty and also affected my car fax record for my vehicle.

I have a 2024 Jeep Grand Cherokee that I purchased July 19, 2024. I started having operational problems with the vehicle within two months. The car was in and out of the dealership five times through Nov. 2025. Each time the problem was verified by the service department and documented as such, including an incident of the engine shutting down when entering the expressway. I filed a lemon law claim September 2025, and settled December 2025. However, no reimbursement has been received. On Feb. 15, 2026, my car shut down completely as I was exiting a belt driven car wash, resulting in crashes of two vehicles in back of me. I had no control of shifting gears to move forward.

On multiple occasions my vehicle has not recognized the key fob when I have been at the vehicle. I have actually been standing by it trying to open the door and it would not respond. Even if I was holding the key fob in my hand next to the door it would not respond. I would have to manually push the unlock button on the fob to be able to enter. This has caused me personal safety concerns when in unfavorable situations and I could not immediately gain access to the interior of my vehicle. The memor seat and easy exit functions have repeatedly failed to operate as they should causing me to be out of position when driving requiring manual resetting of the position. The heads up display consistently shows the incorrect speed limit. Google maps and carplay intermittently become disconnected while I am driving creating a safety hazard when I am using google maps guidance. The date below is simply the most recent time these happened. Again, these have happened repeatedly over the period of ownership.

This model vehicle and several others that I have experienced, have a center console cupholder that is trimmed in chrome. The chrome is peeling on both cupholders at the edges and extremely sharp and have personally been cut and causing lacerations and bleeding.

See all problems of the 2017 Jeep Grand Cherokee 🔎.

I was driving on the highway. There were no other vehicles nearby. I heard a loud pop/bang. I thought a tire burst but then discovered the back windshield had shattered.

While driving on the highway my vehicle will shift to neutral.

See all problems of the 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee 🔎.

The Jeep will randomly lose cabin heat and blow cold air. It seems to happen mostly when the battery is drained. Took it to dealer but they tried to say it was normal which we stated it can’t be normal to not be able to defrost your windshield in the winter. I called mopar and they opened a case which then the dealer said they had luck changing a coolant valve that tends to stick. Not sure if that will fix issue or have seen people have luck with the ech. It happened at 36000 miles.

On 01/30/26, I delivered my vehicle to an authorized Jeep dealership for the third time in connection with safety recall 68c involving the hybrid battery system. The recall addresses a battery defect that carries risk of fire. This is the third occasion on which I have had to leave my vehicle with the dealership because the recall repair has not been successfully completed. During the most recent service appointment, the recall repair procedure failed. I was informed that the hybrid battery would require full replacement and that the vehicle could not be returned to me. The vehicle has remained at the dealership and out of service since that date. As of 02/16/26, I have not been provided with a confirmed estimated time of arrival for the replacement battery. The vehicle remains unusable pending completion of the recall repair. No loaner vehicle was provided when the vehicle was rendered inoperable due to the failed recall repair. I was therefore required to obtain a rental vehicle at my own expense in order to maintain transportation for work and daily obligations. On January 30, I received written authorization from Jeep customer care approving rental reimbursement at $60 per day and explicitly listing specific companies as acceptable providers. Based on that written authorization, I secured a rental vehicle within the approved rate. After incurring rental expenses, I was informed reimbursement would be limited to $25 per day due to the rental company I chose being categorized as a third-party provider, despite being specifically listed in the written approval. It is not feasible to obtain a comparable rental vehicle in my area at $25 per day. The reimbursement discrepancy remains unresolved. The vehicle remains out of service. I am continuing to incur rental expenses and will be responsible for paying the difference out of pocket despite having relied on written authorization.

Traveling 66 miles an hour, using cruise control, car shutdown completely lost power. Went from 60 to 0 very fast. Stuck on the side of the expressway. Early morning freeway. Little to know traffic. Was able to maneuver thru 3 lanes to make it to the shoulder before going 0. Message displayed to park vehicle, wait until vehicle can restart.

While driving at highway speed, I accidentally brushed one of the paddle shifters on the steering wheel. This immediately forced the transmission into a lower gear, causing the engine to rev very high. I had to pull over on the highway shoulder to figure out how to return the vehicle to normal automatic drive. This situation felt unsafe and distracting, especially in traffic. I contacted my local Jeep service department to ask whether the paddle shifters can be disabled or if there is a software setting to prevent accidental engagement. I was told there is no way to disable this feature. Given how easy it is to trigger unintentionally, I’m concerned this could lead to unsafe situations for other drivers as well.

Component failure: this vehicle has suffered a recurring "loss of motive power" (lmp) while in motion. On [xxx], for the third time, the internal combustion engine shut off completely while the vehicle was being driven in traffic. The vehicle is available for inspection upon request. Safety risk: this incident occurred on a public road in new york during a severe winter storm with over a foot of snow on the ground. There were two children in the vehicle. The sudden loss of propulsion in heavy traffic and hazardous weather conditions created an immediate risk of a rear-end collision and left my family stranded without power or heat in freezing temperatures. Confirmation & inspection: this is a documented, repeat failure. The manufacturer has confirmed the defect previously and even reimbursed me for a prior repair attempt. However, the issue remains unresolved. The vehicle was inspected by an authorized Jeep dealer during previous failures, but the "remedy" provided was ineffective. I am currently awaiting a new inspection for this third occurrence. Symptoms & warnings: prior to the total engine shutdown, the malfunction indicator lamp (mil) illuminated on the dashboard. In previous instances, the manufacturer cited software errors or internal contamination as the cause. I suspect this is related to existing NHTSA recall 25v-766 (engine sand contamination) or recall 25v-710 (hybrid control software failure). Additional context: despite the life-threatening nature of this repeat defect, the local dealership refused to provide a loaner vehicle, and the manufacturer (Jeep wave) is refusing to fully cover the cost of a rental vehicle. I am currently paying out-of-pocket interest on delayed reimbursements from the manufacturer. Information redacted pursuant to the freedom of information act (foia), 5 u. S. C. 552(b)(6).

Turned on the car to the find the check engine light was on. Drive 5 minutes to my son’s school to pick him up. Turned the car off, then back on to see if maybe the check engine light would go off. Instead the check engine light, battery light and service hybrid charging system errors appeared on the dash. The car would not turn off and I was unable to put it in gear at all. It left me stranded. I called a tow truck and about 10 min before they were set to arrive I tried turning it off and on again and it started like normal (check engine light still on) drove 5 min home and it did it again in my driveway. Happened again when my husband started it to take a look. This happened to us one other time about 3 months after we bought the car. We’ve only had it 9 months. Both recalls have been completed. This is unacceptable.

Reference prior recall 68c/NHTSA 25v-741. Had Jeep serviced for this recall. Was advised the vehicle passed the software update. Noticing that when the vehicle is in electric mode there is a loss of power when the % range is at the halfway mark. This was a prior issue as well with recall, 73c/NHTSA 25v-576. No point in taking me to a Jeep dealership to review. They will not do anything unless there is a specific software associated with the issue. Wanted to make note that the issue per my personal vehicle does not appear to be resolved. There is no public correspondence as to what Jeep is rectifying with the battery manufacture. Reporting that this continues to be a dangerous issue.

I purchased this vehicle, November 2023 and by August 2024 the vehicle went into griffin hubs to get the engine replaced. They had the vehicle for over a month and a half when I received it back after the engine I had it for a day and a half and had to take it back because it was making a loud grinding noise coming from the engine which then they had to replace a second time because the engine was shredded and was told they were going to put a new transmission in as well, but instead of just replaced a piece, and then two months later, the negative terminal for the battery was replaced in about four months later I take it into the dealership again because as I was driving the vehicle pulled back three times and then shot forward and that happened seven separate times dealership said they could not find an issue and then in November 2025, the vehicle goals back into the dealership for overheating needing a new water pump because I was losing coolant with no leaks. Get the vehicle back two days later my coolant is empty tied again call the dealership they said if it happened again, bring it back in two weeks later it did the exact same thing. My coolant was emptied, but there is no leaks coming from under the vehicle and now last week as I was driving, the vehicle suddenly stopped accelerating and my gearshift wouldn’t catch any gears and as the vehicle is still moving my tires, then locked. The vehicle has been at the dealership for five days and they still cannot figure out what the issue is.

Our Jeep has a nation wide battery recall (2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee 4xe) and we brought it in to be fixed. They said that it will take 6 weeks - months (they dont know) when the updated battery will be ready. They are saying we need to rent our own car as we wait, and we shouldn't take it home to drive because it's too unsafe and a liability. We have spent hours on the phone with Chrysler, Jeep, etc. To address this and they keep just bouncing us around or hanging up on us. In addition, we received a notice from Chrysler a few weeks ago that asked to ensure we had updated our deductibles and coverage specific to fire. It is clear that they are trying to cover their end of the liability of this massive safety recall that needs to be addressed. The dangers of driving our children in this car, along with the lack of trying to help resolve this issue is unacceptable and an example of corporate malfeasance.

It was cold out and my sister was driving my car with the heated seats on when she started to smell fire as well as her back got really hot. She pulled over and leaned forward and discovered a flame/fire coming through the seat back. She burned my hand and had visible ash on it trying to put the fire out. There is now a hole in the seat back from where the fire burned through.

I am submitting a safety complaint regarding my 2024 Jeep Grand Cherokee 4xe (plug-in hybrid), VIN: 1c4rjyb69rc714841, due to repeated loss of propulsion events while driving, including during highway merging. On multiple occasions, the vehicle has: shifted into neutral without any driver input and failed to accelerate while merging onto a highway, behaving as though it was stuck in a gear or in a protective failsafe state most recently, while accelerating onto a highway, the vehicle would not respond to the accelerator pedal, forcing me to pull off the roadway. I had to place the vehicle into park, wait briefly, and then resume driving in order to restore propulsion. Twice I had to perform this on the on ramp. Very dangerous! these are the most recent incidents that have occurred, but the issue has happened at least half a dozen times before. Only now, more often. While driving in hybrid mode (on January 17th, 18th with my daughter present; also occurred on Jan 22 (after leaving Jeep dealer and having performed tcm & pcm updates), Jan. 23 & 24) with the hybrid battery depleted (normal operating condition) with no warning lights, alerts, or messages displayed before or during the events the vehicle was taken to an authorized Jeep dealership (safford brown in sterling, va), where pcm and tcm software updates were completed, and the dealer reported “no issues found. ” despite this, the loss of propulsion issue has continued to occur. This condition presents a serious safety risk, particularly during highway merging and acceleration, where the inability to accelerate could result in a collision. The issue appears to be intermittent and does not consistently trigger fault codes or warning indicators. I am requesting that NHTSA review this issue for potential investigation, as it involves unexpected loss of drive power while the vehicle is in motion. Thank you for your attention to this matter. Sincerely, danette spruston.

Twice in two weeks stopped at an intersection vehicle went into sleep mode and when the light turned green, the vehicle restarted but when I stepped on the gas the engine raced but went no where. With traffic behind me I shifted the transmission to neutral. When the tachometer dropped to a normal level I shifted the transmission to drive and off we went. Since then have sent it back to the dealer to find the root cause of the problem. During this time I was provided with a loaner that just happens to be the same year make and model. Upon leaving work yesterday with it, the exact same loss of power upon leaving an intersection occurred. And again the only way to get the vehicle to move, required shifting the transmission to neutral then back to drive. There is a definite problem here that needs to be looked into by cjdr.